Determination of genetic diversity of wild and cultured topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) inhabiting China using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites

• Microsatellite markers were used to determine Culter alburnus genetic diversity.
• Wild populations were found to be less genetically diverse than cultured ones.
• Significantly different subdivisions were noted among wild populations.
• These subdivisions could be seen as different management units and broodstock.
• Cultured populations have greater breeding potential than wild ones.

The topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) is one of the most commercially important freshwater fish species inhabiting China. However, very limited information is available regarding its genetic diversity and population structure, thus hindering the effective management of this fish stock. Understanding the genetic diversity of wild and cultured topmouth culter populations is highly relevant for successful hatchery management. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of five wild and two cultured populations of topmouth culter in China by using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. The genetic diversity of wild populations was found to be lower than that of cultured populations. This finding indicates that wild topmouth culter resources should be protected to prevent further degeneration and extinction. Moreover, it demonstrated that cultured populations have greater breeding potential than wild ones. Subdivisions among wild populations were observed, which should be considered as different units for conservation and hatchery management.