Imidazothiazole and related heterocyclic systems. Synthesis, chemical and biological properties

• Synthesis and bioactivity of imidazothiazole and related isosteric heterocycles.
• New synthetic advances: multicomponent reaction and novel coupling reagents.
• Environment methodologies: microwave irradiation, free solvent reactions.
• Biological studies: antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral activities between others.
• Docking and computational methods applied to elucidate the mechanism of action.

Fused heterobicyclic systems have gained much importance in the field of medicinal chemistry because of their broad spectrum of physiological activities. Among the heterocyclic rings containing bridgehead nitrogen atom, imidazothiazoles derivatives are especially attractive because of their different biological activities.Since many imidazothiazoles derivatives are effective for treating several diseases, is interesting to analyze the behavior of some isosteric related heterocycles, such as pirrolothiazoles, imidazothiadiazoles and imidazotriazoles. In this context, this review summarizes the current knowledge about the syntheses and biological behavior of these families of heterocycles. Traditional synthetic methodologies as well as alternative synthetic procedures are described. Among these last methodologies, the use of multicomponent reaction, novel and efficient coupling reagents, and environmental friendly strategies, like microwave assistance and solvent-free condition in ionic liquids are also summarized. This review includes the biological assessments, docking research and studies of mechanism of action performed in order to obtain the compounds leading to the development of new drugs.

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