Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) in the synthesis of 3D CdS superstructures by diffusion assisted hydrothermal method

• Self-assembly of CdS microstructures by gas diffusion hydrothermal method was studied.
• Phosphotungstic acid has been used as stabilizer of CdS particles against aggregation.
• Thioacetamide plays the roles of sulfur source and a capping ligand.
• The precipitation of CdS was mainly controlled by the diffusion rate of H2S gas.
• At high diffusion rate, the nucleation is dominant.

In this study, the synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) microstructures by gas diffusion assisted hydrothermal method using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) is reported. The as-synthesized products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of PTA dose, thioacetamide amount, time and temperature on the morphology of obtained particles have been studied. In this process, PTA ion host stabilizes the CdS particles against aggregation and thioacetamide plays two roles, being at the same time a sulfur source and a capping ligand. Based on the performed analyses it seems that the thioacetamide is more effective on the formation of CdS than PTA. The precipitation of CdS was mainly controlled by the diffusion rate of H2S gas. At high diffusion rate, the nucleation is dominant resulting in more uniform and smaller particles eventually assembling to the CdS microspheres.

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