{1 0 1¯ 1} artificial epitaxy of ZnO on glass via pulse laser deposition

Wurtzite (W)-type ZnO condensates showed preferred orientation {1 0 1¯ 1} when deposited on glass substrate by pulse laser ablation on Zn target in the presence of oxygen. Such an artificial epitaxy depends on the well-developed {1 0 1¯ 1} surfaces of the condensates, which enabled {1 0 1¯ 1}-specific coalescence to form twin and single crystal regardless of the co-deposited Zn. The W-ZnO condensates have decreasing particle size with increasing oxygen flow rate and a considerable residual stress due to the combined effects of rapid heating/cooling and thermal/lattice mismatch with Zn following parallel epitaxy or (0 1 1¯ 1¯)W-ZnO//(0 1 1¯ 0)Zn; [1¯ 2 1¯ 3]W-ZnO//[0 0 0 1]Zn involving {1 0 1¯ 1} slip.