Redox behavior of platinum-group metals in nuclear glass

This study highlights the role of two platinum-group metals, ruthenium and palladium, in the redox equilibria of nuclear waste containment glass. Electrochemical measurements in simplified R7/T7 glass melts were used to develop a thermodynamic model of ruthenium redox equilibrium. The oxygen fugacity at equilibrium, corresponding to the coexistence of ruthenium oxide and ruthenium metal dispersed in the molten glass, was measured at different ratios at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1200 °C. Experiments were carried out on glass with and without Pd, revealing the combined role of palladium and tellurium on redox equilibria in the glass. The formation of palladium–tellurium alloys in nuclear glass was observed to result in oxidation of the elements dissolved in the melt.