کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
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1496129 | 992954 | 2009 | 13 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |

Organic electroluminescent devices are becoming increasingly important because of their potential applications for large area flat-panel displays and general lighting. The internal quantum efficiency of these devices have been achieved near 100% using electro-phosphorescent materials with proper management of singlet and triplet excitons, however, the external quantum efficiency of conventional devices remains near 20% because of losses due to wave-guiding effect. Recently, there has been great progress to enhance the light out-coupling efficiency of organic electroluminescent devices by means of various internal and external device modification techniques. In this review we report recent advances in light out-coupling techniques, such as, substrate modification methods, use of scattering medium, micro-lens arrays, micro-cavity effect, photonic crystals and nano-cavity, nano-particles, nano-structures and surface plasmon-enhanced techniques that have been implemented to enhance the external extraction efficiency of organic electro-luminescent devices.
Journal: Optical Materials - Volume 32, Issue 1, November 2009, Pages 221–233