Modified constitutive equation for use in modeling the ultrasonic vibration enhanced friction stir welding process

A modified material constitutive equation characterizing the acoustic softening effect on aluminum alloys is proposed and validated for modeling the ultrasonic vibration enhanced friction stir welding process. The dependence of the acoustic softening effect on temperature and strain rate is quantitatively analyzed. The numerical investigation based on the constitutive equation shows that it can describe the effect of ultrasonic vibration on friction stir welding of aluminum alloy plates reasonably.

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