High density nanostructured BaTiO3 ceramics obtained under extreme conditions

High density nanostructured BaTiO3 ceramics were synthesized by an innovative processing route, which involves high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. Structural analyses showed only tetragonal (P4mm) single-phase samples. Ferroelectric measurements revealed a typical remnant polarization (3.7 μC cm−2) of nanostructured BaTiO3 samples and a saturation polarization (20 μC cm−2) similar to that of BaTiO3 single crystals. The potential application of nanostructured BaTiO3 ceramics as multilayer capacitors was demonstrated by dielectric permittivity (ε′ = 3000, at 300 K and 1 kHz) measurements.