Work output of the two-way shape memory effect in Ti50.5Ni24.5Pd25 high-temperature shape memory alloy

A significant two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was demonstrated, for the first time, in a TiNiPd high-temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) with TWSM strains as high as 2.6%. This TWSME was able to perform mechanical work, with a maximum work output of 0.12 J g−1, well above the levels obtained from conventional SMAs. Microstructural changes obtained through severe plastic deformation processing did not improve the TWSME stability and resulted in a reduction of strain capability and work output.