Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of TeO2–Bi2O3–GeO2 glasses

Novel TeO2–Bi2O3–GeO2 glasses possessing nonlinear optical properties were successfully synthesized by the melt-quenching method. Differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and UV–visible spectroscopy were complementarily applied to study the glass transition and crystallization temperature, structural, thermal and optical properties. The value of the refractive index of the glasses is approximately 2.13. The thermoelectrical poling and subsequent second-harmonic generation results are also reported.