Microstructure evolution and strength-reduction in area balance of ultrafine-grained steels processed by warm caliber rolling

Ultrafine grained steels with different carbon contents were produced through warm caliber rolling and evaluated for their stress–strain behavior along with the reduction in area. It was found that the reduction in area–tensile strength balance is far better than the conventional ferrite + pearlite steels and even superior to bainitic steels for all materials tested in the present study.