Synthesis and dielectric relaxation studies of Ba substitution in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics by co-precipitation method

Coexistence of both sharp transition around (Tc1 ∼ 305 k) in lower frequency region (∼11 kHz) and broad transitions (∼350 < Tc2 < 410 K) in the frequency range (11 kHz–1 MHz) of dielectric permittivity (ɛ′) versus temperature is demonstrated in the complex perovskite barium substituted lead zinc niobate, (Pb1−xBax)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (x = 0.10). To ensure homogeneous distribution of Ba2+ ions at A-site and to avoid the microscopic segregation and clustering of Ba2+/Pb2+ ion in the prepared (Pb1−xBax)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (x = 0.10), the material has been synthesized by substituting barium using the precursor Pb0.90Ba0.10CO3 via a novel co-precipitation route. Another precursor ZnNbO6 was prepared by columbite reaction method for preventing the formation of the unwanted pyrochlore phase. The symmetry is found to be cubic with the space group of Pm3¯m at room temperature (30 °C) as is clear by X-ray diffraction and rietveld analysis. An analysis of real and imaginary part of dielectric permittivity and electric modulus with frequency at various temperatures has been performed. Using Cole–Cole model, an analysis of the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity with frequency is performed using a distribution of relaxation times.

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