Electrochemical preparation and characterization of Birnessite-type layered manganese oxide films

Birnessite-type layered manganese oxide films were deposited anodically from MnSO4 plating solutions at the surface of inexpensive stainless steel foil. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and BET measurements were used to characterize and compare the material structure and surface morphologies. The capacitive characteristics of these oxides were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and discussed with respect to parameters such as BET surface area, crystallinity, and Mn3+ and Mn4+ contents.