Investigating the mechanism of ferromagnetic exchange interaction in non-doped CeO2 with regard to defects and electronic structure

► Hydrogenation induces ferromagnetism in paramagnetic CeO2 matrix. ► “Switch” action of ferromagnetism between hydrogenation and re-heating in CeO2. ► Ferromagnetism shows close relation with oxygen vacancies in magnetic dielectrics. ► The F+ centers play key role in ferromagnetism in CeO2.