Structural study, photoluminescence, and photocatalytic activity of semiconducting BaZrO3:Bi nanocrystals

Wide band gap nanocrystalline bismuth doped barium zirconate is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method at 100 °C. The obtained cubic perovskites are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and photocatalytic activity. The estimated band gap in the 2.4–4.9 eV range, depending on Bi concentration, suggests nanocrystalline BaZrO3:Bi as a useful visible-light activated photocatalyst under excitation wavelengths <800 nm. Displacement of main XRD pattern peaks suggest that bismuth ion mostly substitutes into Zr4+ sites within the BaZrO3 host lattice. It is found that BaZrO3:Bi decomposes methylene blue (MB) under both UV and visible light irradiation. The photocatalyst efficiency depends strongly on Bi content and induced defects.