l-proline covalently anchored on graphene oxide as an effective bifunctional catalyst for ketene forming reaction

• l-proline modified graphene oxide was prepared by a means of succinate spacer.
• Systematic studies demonstrated l-proline was readily introduced to graphene oxide.
• l-proline modified graphene oxide shows high catalytic performance and reusability.

Graphene oxide supported l-proline (GO–Proline) bifunctional catalyst was prepared by covalent bonds via a succinate spacer. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to characterize the structure and morphology. The characterizations demonstrated l-proline molecules could be readily introduced to the graphene oxide sheets with homogeneous distributions. Systematic studies demonstrated that it was an efficient, recoverable, and recyclable catalyst in the solvent free ketene forming reaction. Effect of different solvents on its catalytic properties was also investigated.

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