Design, preparation, and durability of TiO2/SiO2 and ZrO2/SiO2 double-layer antireflective coatings in crystalline silicon solar modules

► The non-quarter wave double-layer ARCs demonstrated the highest Tpv. ► The highest Tpv of the ARCs showed an increase more than 3% over the solar glass. ► The durability strongly depended on the thickness of the TiO2 or the ZrO2 layer. ► The Tpv degradation for thicker ARCs was less than 1% after 96 h HAST. ► The solar cells with ARCs demonstrated a smaller efficiency degradation.