Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

► The fast growth of the number of PV modules installed needs a study of common defects that appear. ► Some defects of PV modules can appear in the first months of operation. ► A PV module that has passed the test of IEC61215 norm could present hidden-defects. ► To find defects the techniques used are infrared images, electroluminescence or power measurement. ► Common defects found: yellowing, delamination, bubbles, cracks, ARC defects and burnt cells.