Effect of inclination of external flat plate reflector of basin type still in winter

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a basin type solar still with an internal reflector (two sides and back walls) and an inclined flat plate external reflector on a winter solstice day at 30° N latitude. We are proposing a new geometrical method for calculating the solar radiation reflected by the inclined external reflector and then absorbed on the basin liner. Using this method, we performed a numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer in the still in order to determine the effectiveness of the inclination of the external reflector. We found that the benefit of a vertical external reflector would be smaller or even negligible for a still with a larger value for the glass cover angle, while an inclined external reflector can increase the distillate productivity of the still at any glass cover angle, and the external reflector angle should be set at about 15° from vertical on a winter solstice day. The daily amount of distillate of the still with the inclined external reflector would be about 16% greater than that with the vertical external reflector, and about 2.3 times as large as that of the still with neither the internal nor the external reflector on a winter solstice day.