Surface energy calculation of the bcc metals by using the MAEAM

The surface energies of 24 surfaces both for the bcc alkali metals Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and for the bcc transition metals Fe, W, Mo, Cr, Ta, Nb and V have been calculated by using the modified analytical embedded-atom method (MAEAM). The surface energy of each (h k l  ) plane in alkali metals is much lower than that in transition metals. For all bcc metals, the order of three low-index surface energies E(110)s