A full integration of a dispersion and interface closures in the standard k–εk–ε model of turbulence

In the following work, the fundamental aspects of the hydrodynamics of gas–liquid flows in a rectangular bubble column are studied using an Eulerian–Eulerian approach. The model is established in a full three dimensional, unsteady state form and the solution method is based on a new open-source CFD package using a tensor-based formulation applied OpenFOAM. The effects of the drag, lift and virtual mass on the fluid dynamics and time-averaged properties of both phases are studied and discussed. A full integration of closures terms is proposed where the standard k–εk–ε model of turbulence is modified to include the effect of the dispersed phase and the bubble–liquid interface on the turbulence behaviour and the hydrodynamic of multiphase flow. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data available in the scientific literature, and they show a good agreement.