Dislocation evolution in 316Â L stainless steel during multiaxial ratchetting deformation

► Dislocation patterns change from lines and nets to tangles, walls and cells. ► Dislocation patterns evolve quicker in the multiaxial case. ► Aligned dislocation arrays and some traces of multiple slips are observed. ► Heterogeneous dislocation patterns result in the multiaxial ratchetting.