Generation and characterization of nano tungsten oxide particles by wire explosion process

Nano tungsten oxide particles are produced by wire explosion process. It is realized that by exploding tungsten conductor in lower pressure of oxygen, unreacted phase of tungsten was present and it could be reduced by increasing the operating pressure and increasing the amount of energy deposited to the exploding conductor. It is realized that the nucleation rate of the particle could be high only at the point of maximum saturation ratio, irrespective of the pressure of the oxygen. The size of the critical nucleus formed is low when the saturation ratio and the nucleation rate are at maximum. The nano metal oxide particle formation by wire explosion process allows one to conclude that the second stage annealing process has a major impact on the final grain size formed. The high speed camera photographs of wire explosion process were used to understand the dynamics of particle formation by wire explosion process. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis indicates that the nano tungsten oxide (WO3) particles are of spherical shape and the analysis of particle size indicates that it follows log normal distribution.

Graphical AbstractNano tungsten oxide (WO3) particles are produced by wire explosion process. Theoretical analysis indicates that the size of the critical nucleus formed is low when the saturation ratio and the nucleation rate are at maximum. High speed camera photographs of wire explosion process were used to understand the dynamics of particles formed.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideResearch Highlights
► Lower particle size is possible with lower pressure.
► Particle size is increased with reduced energy ratio.
► Unreacted tungsten content reduces when oxygen pressure increases.