Controlled crystallization of glass–ceramics with two nucleating agents

The optimum nucleating agent had been investigated in Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glass–ceramics system with 2% ZrO2 and different amounts of TiO2 as nucleating agents. The activation energy (E) of crystallization and the Avrami parameter (n) for the LAS glasses obtained from the DTA and results show that the most effective addition of TiO2 was about 2.36 wt.%. With the optimum nucleating agents (2% ZrO2 + 2.36% TiO2) addition, LAS glass–ceramics with fine grain, high transparency and good mechanical properties were obtained, due to the β-quartz solid solution formed after the crystallization process.