Investigating microstructural evolution during homogenization of the equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy produced by vacuum arc remelting

The vacuum arc remelting process is widely used for the commercial production of NiTi shape memory alloys. Due to the absence of electromagnetic forces in this method, several remelting and long-time homogenizing are required. In this work, a Ti–50 at.% Ni alloy was prepared using the non-consumable vacuum arc melting technique in a water-cooled copper crucible. After four times of remelting process, specimens were subjected to homogenization at 1000 °C. Micro/macrostructural changes during homogenization were investigated by optical microscope and SEM equipped with EDS analyzer. The results showed that the as-cast specimen consisted of mostly Ni3Ti, Ti2Ni and monoclinic (B19′B19′) phases with high segregation. By increasing the holding time during the homogenization process at 1000 °C, the amount of austenite (B2) phase was increased, while segregation and unfavorable phases, and accordingly, hardness were decreased. After 4 h of homogenization, austenite (B2) was the only phase maintained in the microstructure of Ti–50 at.% Ni. In addition, macrostructure of the alloy was turned into polygonal structure after such a homogenization treatment.

► An investigation on process of homogenizing of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by VAR was done.
► The as-cast specimen consisted of mostly Ni3Ti, Ti2Ni and monoclinic (B19′B19′) phases with highly segregation.
► By increasing the holding time at 1000 °C, amount of austenite (B2) phase was increased.
► The macrostructure was turned to polygonal after the homogenizing treatment.