Microstructure and superplasticity of Mg–Al–Ca electromagnetic casting alloys after hot extrusion

Microstructure and superplastic properties of the plates extruded from the Ca containing Mg alloy (1 wt.% Ca–AZ31) billets fabricated by electromagnetic casting (EMC) without and with electromagnetic stirring (EMS) were examined. The linear intercept grain sizes of the extruded materials were 3.7 μm and 2.1 μm, respectively. The material extruded from the EMC + EMS billet exhibited good superplasticity at low temperatures as well as at high strain rates, including the tensile elongations of 370% at 1 × 10−3 s−1, −523 K and 550% at 1 × 10−2 s−1, −673 K. These values largely exceeded those of the AZ31 alloys with the similar grain sizes. The superior superplasticity of the extruded EMC + EMS billet could be attributed to fine grains and high grain stability at elevated temperatures by the presence of finely dispersed particles of thermally stable (Al,Mg)2Ca phase. The constitutive equations were developed for describing the high-temperature deformation behavior of the fine-grained 1 wt.% Ca–AZ31 alloys with different grain sizes in wide range of temperature and strain rate.