Electrical, dielectric and electrochemical measurements of bulk aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPcCl)

• Study Ac conductivity and dielectric behavior of bulk material.
• Investigation of applied theoretical conduction mechanism.
• Calculation of density of states at certain conditions.
• Investigation dielectric properties through electric modulus.
• Determination frontier energy gap.

AC conductivity and the related dielectric properties of bulk aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPcCl) have been studied over a temperature range (303–403 K) and frequency range (42–106 Hz). The universal power law σacσac(ω)=Aωs has been used to investigate dependence of AC conductivity on frequency. The variation of the frequency exponent (s) with temperature was analyzed in terms of different conduction mechanisms; the predominant conduction mechanism was found to be the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. The barrier height was calculated by using (CBH) model, it was found to be 1.41 eV. Dependence of σacσac(ω) on temperature refers to a linear increase with increasing temperature at different frequencies. The density of states N   (EFEF) was calculated to be equal 4.11×1019 cm−3 using Elliott model. It has been found that AC activation energy decreases with increasing frequency. Dielectric values were analyzed using complex permittivity and complex electric modulus for bulk AlPcCl at different temperatures. The obtained value of HOMO–LUMO energy gap was found to be 1.48 eV.