Defect-induced ferromagnetism in insulating Mn-P codoped ZnO grown in oxygen-rich environment

► Magnetism of the Zn(Mn,P)O films could be tuned by controlling growth conditions. ► Only the film grown in oxygen-rich environment exhibited RT ferromagnetism. ► The ferromagnetic film is not carrier mediated, but coexists with dielectric state. ► Defect-induced mechanism could explain the observed results.