Domain, dielectric and optical studies in antiferroelectric (Pb, La) (Zr, Sn, Ti)O3 single crystals

Antiferroelectric (Pb, La) (Zr, Sn, Ti)O3 (PLZST) single crystals have been successfully grown by flux method using PbO–PbF2–B2O3 as the flux. The obtained crystals are pale yellow in color and translucent. Domain structures, dielectric constants and optical transmission measurements have been performed on the 〈001〉-oriented PLZST single crystals. Two types of domains, namely, 90° and 180° domains, are observed. The extinction of 90° domains at P/A: 0° reveals a tetragonal structure in the crystal. The sequence of phase transitions from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric and then paraelectric has been established with increasing temperature. According to the modified Curie–Weiss relationship, the PLZST crystal is in an intermediate state between normal and relaxor antiferroelectrics. The broad optical transparent region (from 0.4 to 7.0 μm) and high optical transmittance (up to 65%) indicate that PLZST crystals are promising for optical uses.

► Large and high optical-quality PLZST single crystals have been grown by the flux method.
► 90° and 180° domains are observed in the crystals.
► Phase transition sequence of antiferroelectric–ferroelectric–paraelectric was found upon heating.
► PLZST crystal has broad optical transparent region and high optical transmittance.