Ordering state and magnetism in highly doped manganite Gd0.4Ca0.6MnO3

The electrical and magnetic properties of highly doped manganite Gd0.4Ca0.6MnO3 with a relatively small 〈rA〉 have been investigated thoroughly. Through the M-T, M-H, and ESR measurements it is found that the magnetization in M-T curve originates from the paramagnetic contribution of disordered Mn ions at B-site and Gd3+ ions at A-site. The peculiar behavior of M-T curve below TCO originates from the remaining spin disordered Mn ions after the formation of charge-ordering phase in the manganite, and the AFM charge-ordering state is supposed to be a local short-range ordering state.