Rational formulation of modern geoid concept

Based on modern geometrical field theory, a rational interpretation of modern geodesic surface concept was formulated. The general equations for geodesic surface were given. The height concept and arc length concept were formulated strictly. Their intrinsic benefits and shortages of parameter-center reference and mass-center reference systems were studied in details. The research results show that the geodesic concept depends on the available technology. The technology-dependence feature of geodesy concept was expressed by related mathematic formulations. For the satellite-based observation system, the rationality of China-2000 Geoid Reference System was explained. Discussions about how to establish regional precision reference system were made based on general equations of arc length and space distance equations. A new correction item should be taken into consideration for arc length gauge calculation.