Review on diamond-machining processes for the generation of functional surface structures

In this paper, technologies used for the generation of functional surface structures for optical applications will be reviewed and two novel processes introduced. In many cases, these structures are generated by diamond machining processes into mold inserts for replication purposes or for direct application as metal optics. However, the spectrum of machinable structures is limited by the applied kinematics and tool shapes. For example, the generation of pyramidal prismatic structures with sharp edges is not possible. In order to extend the spectrum of machinable geometries, novel processes like Diamond Micro Chiseling (DMC) or nano Fast Tool Servo (nFTS) assisted turning, have been developed.