The Nanoscale Ordered MAterials Diffractometer NOMAD at the Spallation Neutron Source SNS

The Nanoscale Ordered MAterials Diffractometer (NOMAD) is neutron time-of-flight diffractometer designed to determine pair distribution functions of a wide range of materials ranging from short range ordered liquids to long range ordered crystals. Due to a large neutron flux provided by the Spallation Neutron Source SNS and a large detector coverage neutron count-rates exceed comparable instruments by one to two orders of magnitude. This is achieved while maintaining a relatively high momentum transfer resolution of a δQ/Q∼0.8% FWHM (typical), and a possible δQ/Qof0.24% FWHM (best). The real space resolution is related to the maximum momentum transfer; a maximum momentum transfer of 50 Å−1 can be obtained routinely and the maximum momentum transfer given by the detector configuration and the incident neutron spectrum is 125 Å-1. High stability of the source and the detector allow small contrast isotope experiments to be performed. A detailed description of the instrument is given and the results of experiments with standard samples are discussed.