Crossover Equation of State for Selected Hydrocarbons (C4–C7)

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has attracted attention for waste heat recovery and renewable energy systems. An accurate prediction for thermodynamic properties of working fluids is of great importance for cycle performance evaluations and system design. Particularly, hydrocarbons are promising for their good performance and low global warming potentials. Moreover, the thermal efficiency of the ORC is higher when the evaporation temperature is closer to the critical temperature, which makes the properties in the critical region rather important. Recent research has shown that using mixture as working fluid can achieve better temperature matches. Therefore, an equation of state (EoS) that can be extended to mixture calculations is more attractive. Specific EoS for selected hydrocarbons is precise, but very complex. Cubic EoSs, such as widely used Peng–Robinson EoS and Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK) EoS, fail to accurately predict liquid densities over wide pressure ranges or pressure–density–temperature (pρT) properties in the near-critical region. This work combines the volume translation approach and the crossover method to provide better prediction for thermodynamic properties in the critical region and in regions far from the critical point. A crossover volume translation SRK EoS is developed and used for n-butane, i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, n-hexane, i-hexane and n-heptane. The volume translation term is set as a constant to ensure the accuracy of the saturated liquid density at low reduced temperatures. Then, the crossover method is introduced into the volume translation EoS to improve the predictions of thermodynamic properties in the critical region. Six crossover parameters are used, which are constants or functions of acentric factor and critical parameters. Therefore, none of the parameters in the crossover volume translation SRK EoS is adjustable, which makes the crossover EoS totally predictive and easily extend to mixtures. Comparisons show that the crossover EoS is in much better agreement with experimental data than the original SRK EoS.

Graphical AbstractA crossover volume translation SRK (VTSRK) EoS is developed and used for seven selected alkanes, which are commonly used in organic Rankine cycle (n-butane, i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, n-hexane, i-hexane and n-heptane). The volume translation term is set as a constant to ensure the accuracy of the saturated liquid density at low reduced temperatures. Then, the crossover method is introduced into the volume translation EoS to improve the predictions of the thermodynamic properties in the critical region. None of the parameters in the crossover VTSRK EoS are adjustable, which makes the crossover EoS totally predictive and easily extended to mixtures. Comparisons show that the crossover VTSRK EoS provides much better agreement with experimental data than original SRK EoS.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slide