Energy shifts of Kα,β,γ X-ray satellites for atoms with 13 ⩽ Z ⩽ 90: A systematic calculation and a new analytical description

The transition energy shifts of the Kα, Kβ and Kγ X-rays resulted from addition vacancies in L-shell for atoms with 13 ⩽ Z ⩽ 90 have been calculated systematically, by using the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC), in which the Breit interaction, QED corrections and nuclear finite mass effects are also considered. It is shown by means of concrete figures that the overall agreement among the present results, theoretical results of other authors as well as a large body of measured ones was excellent. Contrary to other discussions, we found that the energy shifts of the Kα and Kβ satellites did not varies absolutely linearly with Z, the contributions of the Z2 term cannot be neglected, and the energy differences between neighboring L satellites were not equal. Three simple empirical formulae for estimating the energy shifts of the Kα, Kβ and Kγ X-ray satellites for any atom with any number of L-shell vacancies were put forward. They will be useful in qualitative interpretation of various K X-ray spectra and better understanding of the collision processes.