Numerical simulation of turbulent jets with lateral injection into a crossflow*

In this paper, Numerical simulations of mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy fields are presented for three-dimensional lateral jet in crossflow, at the injection angles of −60° and −30°. The RNG k-ɛ turbulence model, with the two-layer wall function method, is adopted to simulate the characteristics of this flow at the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios, 1, 2 and 4. The results show that the injection angle and jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio can change the flow fields, and the range upstream affected by jet injected laterally increase and the curvature of jet trajectories varies along the flow direction. Furthermore, the separation events in the lee of the jet exit and behind the jet bending-segment have been found, and the mechanisms of two vortex systems are analyzed.