Characteristics of Flow Resistance in Open Channels With Non-Submerged Rigid Vegetation*

The flow resistance factors of non-submerged rigid vegetation in open channels were analyzed. The formulas of drag coefficient CD and equivalent Manning's roughness coefficient nd were derived by analyzing the force of the flow of non-submerged rigid vegetation in open channel. The flow characteristics and mechanism of non-submerged rigid vegetation in open channel were studied through flume experiments.