E-waste in India and developed countries: Management, recycling, business and biotechnological initiatives

Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the global rising problems in developing countries like India and developed countries. E-waste comprises material that is valuable as well as toxic and has shoddier health and environment impact. This review paper presents an overview of global e-waste stats, health concerns of e-waste components along with the waste management, recycling, legislative polices and recommendations related to e-waste. Existing and future initiatives of e-waste management have been addressed by explaining the developed countries initiatives towards e-waste management. The key to success in terms of e-waste management such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and Producer Responsibility Organization (PRO) initiatives have been presented in a lucid manner. E-waste arena is a platform for business initiative for energy production (hydrogen and electricity) and precise metal recovery (gold, silver and platinum) through biotechnological approaches.