Mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon capture and storage in Saudi Arabia

The main causes of global warming are now attributed to the burning of fossil fuels. Saudi Arabia is the world's largest producer and exporter of total petroleum liquids, and one of the largest consumers of total primary energy. The activities which are mainly responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions are consistently in the upslope. The electricity generation, the solid waste management, and the agricultural sectors are responsible for the highest share of emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively. The results of current research provided the initial justifications for the renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy conversion, and hybrid systems. The Master Gas Collection System of Saudi Aramco can be considered as a remarkable step forward in lowering CH4 emissions from the oil and gas fields. The integrated efforts of the public and private sectors are essential for development and implementation of appropriate strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The study provides an overview of Saudi initiatives related to policy, plan, program, and/or project towards the reduction of greenhouse gases and enhancement of carbon capture and storage.