Preparing an ESO proposal

Preparing observing proposals is a classical exercise in an observational astronomer's life. In this paper, we summarize the general requirements to write a good proposal for the ESO telescopes, and eventually obtain telescope time. We detail in particular the different proposal types, how they are evaluated by ESO, what they should contain and what to avoid. The advice given in the present paper are applicable to observing proposals for the AMBER and MIDI instruments of the VLTI, but also to other ESO instruments, and to some extent to other observatories.