Modeling and optimization of effective parameters on the size of synthesized Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles by coprecipitation technique using response surface methodology

• The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by coprecipitation method.
• By RSM technique, some predicted models were presented for particles size.
• Temperature, pH and their interactions had most effectiveness on the particles size.
• The drying techniques can effect on the size properties.

Generally, the statistical methods are defined as appropriate techniques to study the processes trends. In current research, the Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method. In order to investigate the size properties of synthesized particles, the experimental design was done using central composite method (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) while the temperature, pH, and cation ratio of reaction were selected as influential factors. After particles synthesis based on designed runs, the different responses such as hydrodynamic size of particles (both freeze dried and air dried), size distribution, crystallite size, magnetic size, and zeta potential were evaluated by different techniques i.e. dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Based on these results, the quadratic polynomial model was fitted for each response that could predict the response amounts. In following, the study of factors effects was carried out that showed the temperature, pH, and their interactions had higher effectiveness. Finally, by optimizing, it was clear that the minimum amounts of particle size (10.15 nm) and size distribution (13.01 nm) were reached in the minimum temperature (70 °C) and cation ratio (0.5) amounts and maximum pH amount (10.5). Moreover, the characterizations showed the particles size was about 10 nm while the amounts of Ms, Hc, and Mr were equal to 60 (emu/g), 0.2 (Oe) and 0.22 (emu/g), respectively.

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