Dynamic-symmetry-breaking breathing and spreading transitions in ferromagnetic film irradiated by spherical electromagnetic wave

• The effects of spherical EM wave on ferromagnetic film are modelled.
• The two dimensional Ising model is studied by MC simulation.
• The dynamic-symmetry breaking transitions are observed.
• The pinned, breathing and spreading modes are observed.
• A comprehensive phase diagram is drawn.

The dynamical responses of a ferromagnetic film to a propagating spherical electromagnetic wave passing through it are studied by Monte Carlo simulation of two dimensional Ising ferromagnet. For a fixed set of values of the frequency and wavelength of the spherical EM wave, and depending on the values of amplitude of the EM wave and temperature of the system, three different modes are identified. The static pinned mode, the localised dynamical breathing mode and extended dynamical spreading mode are observed. The nonequilibrium dynamical-symmetry-breaking breathing and spreading phase transitions are also observed and the transition temperatures are obtained as functions of the amplitude of the magnetic field of EM wave. A comprehensive phase diagram is drawn. The boundaries of breathing and spreading transitions merge eventually at the equilibrium transition temperature for two dimensional Ising ferromagnet as the value of the amplitude of the magnetic field becomes vanishingly small.