XPS/EXAFS study of cycleability improved LiMn2O4 thin film cathodes prepared by solution deposition

The influence of Sn substitution in LiMn2O4 thin films as a cathode has been studied via solution deposition to improve the electrochemical performance of thin film lithium batteries. LiSn0.025Mn1.95O4 thin films showed the most promising performance, i.e. a high capacity retention of 77% at 10 C after the 500th cycle, due to the increased average Mn valence state. The thin films of LiSnx/2Mn2−xO4 (x ⩾ 0.10) showed significant precipitation of SnO2 and SnO after the cycling evaluation.