An ultra-stable voltage source for precision Penning-trap experiments

An ultra-stable and low-noise 25-channel voltage source providing 0 to −100 V has been developed. It will supply stable bias potentials for Penning-trap electrodes used in high-precision experiments. The voltage source generates all its supply voltages via a specially designed transformer. Each channel can be operated either in a precision mode or can be dynamically ramped. A reference module provides reference voltages for all the channels, each of which includes a low-noise amplifier to gain a factor of 10 in the output stage. A relative voltage stability of δV/V≈2×10−8 has been demonstrated at −89 V within about 10 min.