Designs and measurements of gradient dipole magnets for the upgrade of Pohang Light Source

The compact size of the upgrade of Pohang Light Source (PLS-II) ring implies the use of gradient dipole magnets, with high field quality requirements. The PLS-II ring contains 24 such dipoles. Detailed 2D and 3D physical designs are reported; they include conformal mapping, equivalent 2D compact factor, residues fitting technique and end chamfer in a concise straight line style. According to the field measurement results, a beam based alignment technique for the rms variation reduction was employed. With that, the uniformities for these dipoles can be reduced to less than 2.0E−04, and the rms variation from dipole to dipole can reach 5.82E-04.