Spin dependent masses and Sim(2) symmetry

Recently, Cohen and Glashow pointed out that all known experimental tests of relativistic kinematics are consistent with invariance of physics under the four-parameter subgroup Sim(2) of the Lorentz group. The massive one-particle irreducible representations of ISim(2), that is Sim(2) times spacetime translations, are all one-dimensional, labeled by spin along a preferred axis. Consequently particle theories based on this symmetry can accommodate lepton number conserving masses for left-handed neutrinos without the need to introduce sterile states. The same property of massive particle representations, however, also leads to the possibility that particle masses may be split within the different spins of a representation of the ordinary Poincaré group. In this Letter we investigate the low-energy structure of theories with spin dependent masses and comment on the bounds on such effects.