Effects of annealing temperatures on some radiation-induced phenomena in natural quartz

Red thermoluminescence (RTL), electron spin resonance (ESR) centers and kinetic parameters for RTL electron traps were investigated in combination with annealing experiments. The ESR for Ti-centers was measured in conjunction with Al-centers at 77 K (-196∘C) upon warming up to room temperature. Only three kinds of Ti-centers were experimentally observed as the electron-trapped center in the ESR measurement. The [TiO4/H+]0, [TiO4/Li+]0 and [TiO4/Na+]0 centers were affected by annealing treatments. The [TiO4/H+]0 centers behaved just like atomic hydrogens derived from radiolysis of H-related impurities. Tendency of [TiO4/Na+]0 centers resembled the changes of RTL intensities associated with annealing temperatures. The phenomena were supported by both the results of RTL glowcurves broadened as well as kinetic parameters, which were influenced by the annealing temperatures.