Power law scaling and “Dragon-Kings” in distributions of intraday financial drawdowns

We investigate the distributions of ∊∊-drawdowns and ∊∊-drawups of the most liquid futures financial contracts of the world at time scales of 30 s. The ∊∊-drawdowns (resp. ∊∊-drawups) generalize the notion of runs of negative (resp. positive) returns so as to capture the risks to which investors are arguably the most concerned with. Similarly to the distribution of returns, we find that the distributions of ∊∊-drawdowns and ∊∊-drawups exhibit power law tails, albeit with exponents significantly larger than those for the return distributions. This paradoxical result can be attributed to (i) the existence of significant transient dependence between returns and (ii) the presence of large outliers (Dragon-Kings) characterizing the extreme tail of the drawdown/drawup distributions deviating from the power law. The study of the tail dependence between the sizes, speeds and durations of drawdown/drawup indicates a clear relationship between size and speed but none between size and duration. This implies that the most extreme drawdown/drawup tend to occur fast and are dominated by a few very large returns. We discuss both the endogenous and exogenous origins of these extreme events.