کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
1902313 1045736 2012 6 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Evolutionary aspects of human exercise—Born to run purposefully
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری بیوشیمی، ژنتیک و زیست شناسی مولکولی سالمندی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Evolutionary aspects of human exercise—Born to run purposefully
چکیده انگلیسی

This article is intended to raise awareness of the adaptive value of endurance exercise (particularly running) in the evolutionary history of humans, and the implications of the genetic disposition to exercise for the aging populations of modern technology-driven societies. The genome of Homo sapiens has evolved to support the svelte phenotype of an endurance runner, setting him/her apart from all other primates. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the competitive advantages conferred by exercise capacity in youth can also provide a survival benefit beyond the reproductive period. These mechanisms include up-regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in protecting cells against oxidative stress, disposing of damaged proteins and organelles, and enhancing bioenergetics. Particularly fascinating are the signaling mechanisms by which endurance running changes the structure and functional capabilities of the brain and, conversely, the mechanisms by which the brain integrates metabolic, cardiovascular and behavioral responses to exercise. As an emerging example, I highlight the roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a mediator of the effects of exercise on the brain, and BDNF's critical role in regulating metabolic and cardiovascular responses to endurance running. A better understanding of such ‘healthspan-extending’ actions of endurance exercise may lead to new approaches for improving quality of life as we advance in the coming decades and centuries.


► Humans are anatomically and metabolically suited for running long distances.
► Endurance running improves health by enabling cells to cope with stress.
► The human brain evolved to process complex information related to resource acquisition.
► Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediates multiple effects of exercise on the brain.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews - Volume 11, Issue 3, July 2012, Pages 347–352
نویسندگان
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