β-Amyloid(1–42) induces a reduction in the parallel fiber responses of Purkinje cells: Possible involvement of pro-inflammatory processes

In Alzheimer’s disease there is an increased production of the toxic β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), especially the longer forms such as Aβ(1–42). Using the patch–clamp technique we have studied the contribution of early pro-inflammatory processes to the acute effects of 1 μM Aβ(1–42) on the parallel fiber EPSC (PF-EPSC) of Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices. Aβ(1–42) induces a decrease in the PF-EPSC amplitude. This decrease is accompanied by a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of the miniature EPSCs, suggesting that Aβ acts at both pre- and post-synaptic sites. In the presence of L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, the effects of Aβ were partially blocked. The frequency of mEPSCs was unchanged while Aβ still reduced the mEPSCs amplitude. The anti-inflammatory agent flurbiprofen blocked the depressant action of Aβ on the mEPSCs amplitude but not its effect on mEPSCs frequency. Both a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) reverse the effects of Aβ as an increase in the mEPSCs frequency and amplitude was observed.This study provides evidence that the Aβ-induced depression of the PF-EPSCs was mediated via an activation of JNK and p38 and by the action of NO and raises the possibility of the involvement of an early pro-inflammatory process.